
PFAS: Here to Stay
The so-called „forever chemicals“ have made their way even into TV primetime, bringing forth both alarming and unsettling revelations. In this article, we explore the world of PFAS, shedding light on what they are, where they appear (spoiler: almost everywhere!), current measures being taken, and the challenges analytical chemistry faced in addressing this issue.
What are PFAS?
The group of per- or polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompasses over 10,000 compounds. These substances are synthetically produced by replacing hydrogen atoms either fully (perfluorinated) or partially (polyfluorinated) with fluorine atoms within carbon chains of varying lengths. This chemical alteration results in substances that are resistant to water, grease, and dirt. Additionally, they possess thermal and chemical stability. On one hand, these properties explain their wide-ranging applications, such as in cosmetics, cookware, paper coatings, textiles, and ski wax. On the other hand, their stability raises concerns due to their non-biodegradability and accumulation in the environment and living organisms since their invention in the 1940s.
Accumulation means what exactly?
Accumulation refers to the fact that PFAS have been detected in nearly all living organisms, sometimes in surprisingly high concentrations. They have been found in fish, marine life, wildlife, milk, and numerous other food sources, as well as human blood and breast milk. Consequently, we carry these substances within us and continually ingest them through food and water. However, the consequences of this exposure are still relatively poorly understood. Studies have shown that the most commonly encountered PFAS can impact the immune systems of infants, contribute to lower birth weights, and potentially lead to cancer and thyroid disorders.
Analytical Challenges
The field of PFAS presents a multitude of analytical challenges. It is essential not only to better understand their effects and develop potential remediation methods but also to employ chemical analysis to detect PFAS reliably. Typically, a combination of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry is used for analysis. To address the diverse array of compounds, measurement techniques need to be versatile and flexible.
One promising approach is the SICRIT® ion source, which can be applied in gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and direct screening. It has the capability to ionize both polar and non-polar substances. In our App Note titled „Fast and Direct Detection of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids (PFCA) with SICRIT®-MS“, you can learn more about the application of SICRIT® in direct screening.
The versatility of our ion source can contribute to the exploration of these „forever chemicals,“ providing laboratories with a rapid and efficient means to expand their analytical capabilities.
Are you ready to rethink your lab? Contact us for more information!